What is Knee Osteoarthritis?

Knee osteoarthritis, medically known as osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint disease that occurs in the knee joint. This condition develops as a result of the wear and damage of the joint cartilage. The cartilage in the knee joint allows smooth movement by preventing the bones from rubbing against each other. However, when the cartilage becomes thinner or completely worn away, the bones begin to rub against each other, leading to pain, swelling, and limited mobility.

The main causes of knee osteoarthritis include aging, excess weight, joint injuries, genetic factors, and repetitive stress. Aging leads to the natural wear and degeneration of cartilage over time. Excess weight places additional load on the knee joint, accelerating cartilage deterioration. Joint injuries, especially those caused by sports or accidents, can speed up the development of osteoarthritis. Additionally, certain genetic factors may make individuals more prone to developing this condition.

Symptoms of knee osteoarthritis include knee pain, stiffness, swelling, a cracking or catching sensation during movement, and limited joint mobility. Pain usually increases during or after physical activity and may decrease with rest. In advanced cases, pain may persist even during rest.

The diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis is made through physical examination, patient medical history, and imaging methods such as X-rays. X-rays can reveal signs of osteoarthritis such as joint space narrowing, bone spurs (osteophytes), and cartilage loss.

Treatment options include lifestyle changes, medication, physical therapy, and surgical intervention. Lifestyle modifications include weight management, low-impact exercises, and avoiding excessive strain on the knee. Medications such as pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs are used to reduce pain and inflammation. Physical therapy helps strengthen muscles and improve joint mobility. In advanced cases, surgical procedures such as knee replacement surgery may be required.

With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the progression of knee osteoarthritis can be slowed and quality of life can be improved. Therefore, it is important to consult a specialist when knee pain or other symptoms are noticed.